Documentation
Mechanical Design
Calvin's physical structure — the chassis that holds everything together and the drive system that keeps it moving.
01 Chassis
Structure
Calvin's chassis is a rectangular box frame built with 20x20mm aluminum extrusions. There is a fixed, solid 10mm axle attached to the bottom of the frame for the free-spinning wheels. 3D printed attachment brackets and panels comprise the non-structural parts that hold the electrical and mechanical hardware in place. The layout keeps the center of mass as high as possible to make balancing easier.
- Two-wheeled self-balancing form factor
- Vertical electronics stack — Jetson on bottom, GIGA R1 mid, battery high
- Motor mounts integrated into the side panels
- Removable front, side, top, and bottom panels
Key Dimensions
| Frame | 240mm W x 190mm H x 150mm D |
| Wheels | xxxmm Diameter, xxmm wide |
| Weight | No idea. About 5-7 pounds total weight? |
Electronics Layout
02 Drive System
Motors
ODrive D5312S brushless outrunner motors. Connected to wheels by 2GT belts with 8:1 reduction.
- 53 mm stator diameter
- ~170 KV rating
- Peak torque ~1.5 N·m
- Belt drive
- One per side, mirrored mount
Wheels
Wheels mount directly to pulleys. The wheel assembly rotates on bearings around the fixed axle. Tires are 3D printed Varioshore TPU printed at 210 C for optimal friction coefficient.
- Free rotation on solid axle
- 3D Printed Varioshore with grid infill for compliance
- V-tread design
Motor Controllers
Each motor is driven by a dedicated ODrive S1 single-axis brushless controller. The ODrives accept high-level velocity setpoints from the Teensy 4.1 over CAN bus.
- ODrive S1 × 2
- PID tuning for smoothness and control
- Velocity control mode
- CAN bus · 250 kbps
- Up to 56 V / 40 A per controller
Drive System Design Note
The ODrive S1s are probably overkill. Preliminary calculations predicted a motor current of about 4-5 amps, which is just outside the smaller ODrive Micro's capability, so I went with the more robust S1 drivers to be safe.
03 Power
Battery
Calvin runs on a 4S 14.8V LiPo RC battery pack.
| Chemistry | LiPo |
| Nominal voltage | 3S · 14.8 V |
| Capacity | 106.56 Wh (7.2 Ahr) |
Power Distribution
The battery feeds the ODrive S1 controllers and Jetson directly at pack voltage. A buck converter will provide power to the 3.3/5 V boards.
- Motor rail Battery voltage direct to both ODrive S1 controllers
- 5 V logic Buck converter step-down for Teensy 4.1 and peripheral sensors